Analysis of Prosthetic Joint Infections Following Invasive Dental Procedures in England.

Importance: Dentists in the United States are under pressure from orthopedic surgeons and their patients with prosthetic joints to provide antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures (IDP) to reduce the risk of late prosthetic joint infection (LPJI). This has been a common practice for decades, despite a lack of evidence for an association between IDP and LPJI, a lack of evidence of antibiotic prophylaxis efficacy, cost of providing antibiotic prophylaxis, and risk of both adverse drug reactions and the potential for promoting antibiotic resistance. Objective: To quantify any temporal association between IDP and subsequent LPJI. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used a case-crossover and time trend design to examine any potential association between IDP and LPJI. The population of England (55 million) was chosen because antibiotic prophylaxis has never been recommended to prevent LPJI in England, and any association between IDP and LPJI would therefore be fully exposed. All patients admitted to hospitals in England for LPJI from December 25, 2011, through March 31, 2017, and for whom dental records were available were included. Analyses were performed between May 2018 and June 2021. Exposures: Exposure to IDP. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was the incidence of IDP in the 3 months before LPJI hospital admission (case period) compared with the incidence in the 12 months before that (control period). Results: A total of 9427 LPJI hospital admissions with dental records (mean [SD] patient age, 67.8 [13.1] years) were identified, including 4897 (52.0%) men and 4529 (48.0%) women. Of these, 2385 (25.3%) had hip prosthetic joints, 3168 (33.6%) had knee prosthetic joints, 259 (2.8%) had other prosthetic joints, and 3615 (38.4%) had unknown prosthetic joint types. There was no significant temporal association between IDP and subsequent LPJI. Indeed, there was a lower incidence of IDP in the 3 months prior to LPJI (incidence rate ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.96; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that there is no rationale to administer antibiotic prophylaxis before IDP in patients with prosthetic joints.

Predictors of osteoradionecrosis following irradiated tooth extraction.

BACKGROUND: Tooth extraction post radiotherapy is one of the most important risk factors of osteoradionecrosis of the jawbones. The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) which were associated with a dental extraction post radiotherapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records and dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) of patients with a history of head and neck radiotherapy who underwent dental extraction between August 2005 to October 2019 was conducted. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 16 (21.9%) had ORN post dental extraction and 389 teeth were extracted. 33 sockets (8.5%) developed ORN. Univariate analyses showed significant associations with ORN for the following factors: tooth type, tooth pathology, surgical procedure, primary closure, target volume, total dose, timing of extraction post radiotherapy, bony changes at extraction site and visibility of lower and upper cortical line of mandibular canal. Using multivariate analysis, the odds of developing an ORN from a surgical procedure was 6.50 (CI 1.37-30.91, p = 0.02). Dental extraction of more than 5 years after radiotherapy and invisible upper cortical line of mandibular canal on the DPT have the odds of 0.06 (CI 0.01-0.25, p < 0.001) and 9.47 (CI 1.61-55.88, p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: Extraction more than 5 years after radiotherapy, surgical removal procedure and invisible upper cortical line of mandibular canal on the DPT were the predictors of ORN.

Necesidad y tipo de tratamiento en cirugía bucomaxilofacial durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en un servicio de urgencias odontológicas del AMBA / Need and type of treatment in maxillofacial surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a dental emergency department in the AMBA

Objetivo: Analizar y describir los requerimientos de atención quirúrgica bucomaxilofacial de urgencia en el Servicio de Urgencias Odontológicas y Orientación de Pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires durante el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio por la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de análisis retrospectivo durante el período de aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio inicial de 93 días, comprendido entre el 20 de marzo y el 20 de junio de 2020. Se evaluó la totalidad de historias clínicas de los pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Urgencias Odontológicas y Orientación de Pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y se caracterizó a aquellos que requerían distintos tipos de tratamiento quirúrgico bucal y maxilofacial. Resultados: Durante el período estudiado, se atendieron 4564 pacientes, de los cuales 1337 (29,3%) requirieron tratamientos quirúrgicos como terapéutica para la resolución de la urgencia. De estos, el 93,2% fueron exodoncias de piezas erupcionadas o retenidas; el 1,7%, biopsias quirúrgicas; el 2,4%, tratamientos agudos de infecciones que involucran espacios anatómicos vecinos; el 0,8%, resolución de traumatismos en los maxilares, y el 1,9%, tratamientos de complicaciones posquirúrgicas. Conclusión: Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de disponer de servicios de guardia odontológica en el ámbito del AMBA que cuenten con recursos humanos calificados y entrenados para resolver urgencias de tipo quirúrgico

Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze and describe the requirements for the emergency care of oral and maxillofacial surgical treatment in the emergency dental department of the School of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires during the Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a descriptive observational study during the initial period of 93 days of Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation, from March 20, 2020 to June 20, 2020. All the medical records of the patients who attended the emergency dental department of the School of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires were evaluated and those who required different types of oral and maxillofacial surgical treatment were characterized. Results: A total of 4564 patients were attended during the period studied, of which 1337 (29.3%) required surgical treatment as a therapy for the resolution of their emergencies. Of these, 93.2% were exodontia of erupted or retained teeth, 1.7% surgical biopsies, 2.4% acute treatment of infections involving neighboring anatomical spaces, 0.8% resolution of maxillary alveolar trauma and 1.9% treatment of post-surgical complications. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to have dental emergency services in the AMBA area that have qualified and trained human resources to solve the surgical type emergencies that may arise (AU)

Association Between Trigeminal Neuralgia And Unnecessary Tooth Extraction.

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia is a very painful condition which is presented as severe pain corresponding to spastic shock. This is caused by trigeminal nerve's vascular compression at root entry zone. The pain is induced due to ipsilateral neurovascular conflict. In spite of the condition being known since centuries, it still continues to frustrate the clinician and its pathogenesis remains as enigma to the medical profession. It is very common for these patients to undergo unnecessary dental extraction without any relief in pain. This study was conducted to assess the association between trigeminal neuralgia and unnecessary tooth extraction. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and July 2019 in the Department of Dentistry of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. A total of fifty-three cases with Trigeminal neuralgia were included. All the patients were evaluated by history, clinical examination and local anaesthetic injection. RESULTS: Fifty-three Trigeminal neuralgia cases were enrolled in this study; out of which 22 cases (41.5%) were males and 31cases (58.5%) were females. Mean age of all the patients was 53.90 years. Twenty-nine patients (54.7%) had their right side involved, while the left side was involved in 23 patients (43.4%). In only one case (1.9%) there was bilateral involvement. Regarding tooth extraction unnecessary extraction were reported by 25 (47.1%) patients before they were diagnosed to have trigeminal neuralgia. The Maxillary first Premolar was the most common tooth extracted. CONCLUSIONS: Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most severe painful condition of the maxillofacial region which can confuse the patient and the Dentist with toothache. Patient should be evaluated in detail to rule out trigeminal Neuralgia before tooth extraction.

Revisit incidence of complications after impacted mandibular third molar extraction: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Most of complications after impacted mandibular third molar (iLM3) extraction surgeries are transient and resolved spontaneously within one or two weeks, but some of them are more complicated and required further treatments to alleviate the symptoms. The aim of study is to revisit incidence and predictors of complications after iLM3 surgery by reviewing previous literature and investigating a population-based data. From Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, records of 16,609 patients who had received iLM3 extraction under ambulatory settings were retrieved for analysis. Outcomes of interest included dry socket (DS), prolonged temporomandibular joint symptoms (TMD), and surgical site infection (SSI), which necessitated additional appointments to manage. Odds ratios of having those complications between different variables were analyzed. The incidence rates of DS, TMD, and SSI were 3.6%, 0.41%, 0.17%, respectively; while they ranged from 0.33-19.14% (DS), 0-4.17% (TMD), and 0.2-5.17% (SSI) in previous studies. Logistic regression revealed DS significantly correlated with complexity of odontectomy (2.5-fold of risk) and history of gingivitis or pericoronitis (1.3-fold of risk). More TMD was found in female than male patients (0.5% versus 0.3%). However, no factors associated with SSI was found; neither did we find aging as a risk in association with any of above complications. Compared to previous studies, our data supports that surgical intervention should be considered in iLM3 with risk of gingivitis or pericoronitis to reduce the occurrence of DS. The original information in this article, which provides a "real-world" evidence, along with the organizing data we summarized from previous article, can serve as a reference for clinicians in assessing the complication risks before treatment of iLM3.

Evaluation of the effects of the surgical removal of impacted third molars on the emotional state of individuals with Beck depression inventory.

AIMS: In this study, using Beck depression inventory (BDI), we aimed to determine alterations in the emotional state of patients who had impacted third molars (M3) extracted owing to postoperative pain, edema, and trismus.In this prospective clinical trial, which was conducted at Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, we studied 60 patients (30 males and 30 females), who were 18-47 years old (the mean of 25.6 years of age). The patients with M3 with moderate preoperative pain intensities, edema, and maximal mouth opening (MMO) data were recorded, and BDI was applied to determine their emotional states. The patients were re-evaluated using BDI to detect alterations in their emotional state owing to pain intensity, edema, and trismus on postoperative second and seventh day. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square, and independent t-test were utilized to interpret the obtained data. RESULTS: According to our findings, a statistically significant relationship was observed between BDI scores and gender on the second postoperative day (P = 0.004), and between MMO and BDI scores on the second and seventh postoperative day (P = 0.012, P = 0.045). Pain intensity scores on the postoperative sixth hour and seventh day were significantly correlated with BDI scores on the postoperative second and seventh day (P = 0.000/ P = 0.000/P = 0.002/P = 0.004/P = 0.010/P = 0.017/P = 0.001/P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the pain and trismus owing to the M3 surgery were significantly correlated with an increase in the postoperative BDI scores.

Dental attendance, restoration and extractions in adults with intellectual disabilities compared with the general population: a record linkage study.

BACKGROUND: Oral health may be poorer in adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) who rely on carer support and medications with increased dental risks. METHODS: Record linkage study of dental outcomes, and associations with anticholinergic (e.g. antipsychotics) and sugar-containing liquid medication, in adults with IDs compared with age-sex-neighbourhood deprivation-matched general population controls. RESULTS: A total of 2933/4305 (68.1%) with IDs and 7761/12 915 (60.1%) without IDs attended dental care: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 [1.32, 1.53]; 1359 (31.6%) with IDs versus 5233 (40.5%) without IDs had restorations: OR = 0.68 [0.63, 0.73]; and 567 (13.2%) with IDs versus 2048 (15.9%) without IDs had dental extractions: OR = 0.80 [0.73, 0.89]. Group differences for attendance were greatest in younger ages, and restoration/extractions differences were greatest in older ages. Adults with IDs were more likely prescribed with anticholinergics (2493 (57.9%) vs. 6235 (48.3%): OR = 1.49 [1.39, 1.59]) and sugar-containing liquids (1641 (38.1%) vs. 2315 (17.9%): OR = 2.89 [2.67, 3.12]). CONCLUSION: Carers support dental appointments, but dentists may be less likely to restore teeth, possibly extracting multiple teeth at individual appointments instead.

Post-operative discomforts in children after extraction of primary teeth.

OBJECTIVES: This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate discomfort after extraction of deciduous teeth under local anesthesia. The primary objective was to describe the prevalence of post-extraction pain (PEP), post-extraction bleeding (PEB), post-extraction biting injury (PEBI), and analgesic usage in children. The secondary objective was to define whether it is possible to determine a profile of patients or a type of extraction procedure predictive to PEP, administration of analgesics, PEB, or PEBI. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-five children, aged 3-13 years, with indications of at least one deciduous tooth extraction, were included. Immediately after extraction, information concerning the patient and the extraction were collected. Eighteen to 32 hr after extraction, parents were called by phone to request reports concerning the onset and intensity of PEP assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces (WBF) scale, the administration of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to their children, and the appearance of PEB and/or PEBI. RESULTS: Of the children, 37.3% reported PEP (WBF ≥2), but 23.3% of these children did not receive any analgesic drugs to help relieve pain. Pain appeared before 3 hr after extraction in 69% of the children. Higher incidences of PEP and usage of analgesics were found both in the group of children with unfavorable socioeconomic level compared to favorable level and in the group with pre-operative pain compared to no pre-operative pain (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: About a third of the children reported pain after extraction, but the instructions for pain relief were not followed by all parents. The socioeconomic level of the young patient and the pain felt during the extraction were important predictors of discomfort. Therefore, our study could help the dentist to provide information on predicted post-operative discomfort and to allow suitable care depending on the patient's profile or procedure.

Self-reported tooth extractions and associated factors in quilombola communities in the semi-arid region of Bahia state, Brazil, 2016. / Extrações dentárias autorrelatadas e fatores associados em comunidades quilombolas do Semiárido baiano, em 2016.

OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of self-reported tooth extractions and analyze associated factors in quilombola communities in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study, with 864 quilombolas; association between self-reported tooth extractions (no experience of extraction; ≤5 extracted teeth; >5 extracted teeth), and possible associated factors was estimated using multinomial logistic regression, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: tooth extractions were self-reported by 82.0% of quilombolas, 49.8% of whom had ≤5 teeth extracted and 32.2% of whom had >5 teeth extracted; greater likelihood of tooth extraction was associated with being male (adjusted OR = 1.7 - 95%CI1.1;2.7), working as an unregistered worker (adjusted OR = 2.7 - 95%CI1.3;5.7), being ≥60 years old (adjusted OR = 5.2 - 95%CI1.9;14.1) and reporting having dental caries (adjusted OR = 4.1 - 95%CI2.5;6.7). CONCLUSION: tooth extractions are associated with social vulnerability conditions experienced by the quilombolas of the semi-arid region of Bahia state.

Odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis patients undergoing tooth extraction: oral surgeon and otolaryngologist viewpoints and appropriate management.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose appropriate management for odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis. METHOD: Thirty-one adult patients with odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing maxillary extraction were retrospectively analysed. Patients with (n = 21) and without (n = 10) oroantral fistula on computed tomography were classified. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed when sinusitis did not improve after extraction. The critical indicators for surgical requirement in the management of odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis were analysed. RESULTS: Sinusitis significantly improved after extraction in both groups. Patients without oroantral fistula had significantly more severe remnant sinusitis than those with oroantral fistula after extraction on computed tomography (p = 0.0037). The requirement for functional endoscopic sinus surgery was statistically significant for patients without orofacial fistula over those with orofacial fistula (p < 0.0001). The surgical improvement ratio was 93 per cent. CONCLUSION: The absence of oroantral fistula and severe sinusitis can be critical indicators for the requirement of functional endoscopic sinus surgery after extraction in the management of odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Extrações dentárias autorrelatadas e fatores associados em comunidades quilombolas do Semiárido baiano, em 2016 / Extracciones dentales auto-relatadas y factores asociados en comunidades quilombolas del Semi-árido bahiano, Brasil, en 2016 / Self-reported tooth extractions and associated factors in quilombola communities in the semi-arid region of Bahia state, Brazil, 2016

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de extrações dentárias autorrelatadas e analisar os fatores associados em comunidades quilombolas de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 864 quilombolas; a associação entre autorrelato de extrações dentárias (sem experiência de extração; ≤5 dentes extraídos; >5 dentes extraídos) e possíveis fatores associados foi estimada por meio da regressão logística multinomial, considerando-se 95% de intervalo de confiança (IC95%). Resultados: extrações dentárias foram autorrelatadas por 82,0% dos quilombolas, sendo 49,8% com ≤5 e 32,2% com >5 dentes extraídos; ser do sexo masculino (OR ajustada = 1,7 - IC95% 1,1;2,7), encontrar-se empregado sem carteira assinada (OR ajustada = 2,7 - IC95% 1,3;5,7), ter idade ≥60 anos (OR ajustada = 5,2 - IC95% 1,9;14,1) e ter tido cárie dentária (OR ajustada = 4,1 - IC95% 2,5;6,7) associaram-se a maiores chances de ter extraído dentes. Conclusão: extrações dentárias estão associadas a condições de vulnerabilidade social vivenciadas pelos quilombolas do Semiárido baiano.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de extracciones dentales auto-relatadas y analizar los factores asociados en las comunidades quilombolas de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 864 quilombolas; la asociación entre auto-relato de extracciones dentales (sin experiencia de extracción, ≤5 dientes extraídos y >5 dientes extraídos) y los posibles factores asociados fue estimada a través de la regresión logística multinomial considerando el 95% de intervalo de confianza (IC95%). Resultados: extracciones dentales fueron auto-relatadas por el 82,0%, siendo 49,8% con ≤5 y 32,2% con >5 dientes extraídos; sexo masculino (Odds Ratio ajustado = 1,7 - IC95%1,1;2,7), trabajadores sin estar en planilla (OR ajustado = 2,7 - IC95%1,3;5,7), con edad ≥60 (OR ajustado = 5,2 - IC95%1,9;14,1) y que mencionaron haber tenido caries dentales (OR ajustado = 4,1 - IC95%2,5;6,7), se asociaron a más probabilidades de haber extraído los dientes. Conclusión: extracciones dentales parecen estar asociadas a condiciones de vulnerabilidades sociales vividas por los quilombolas del Semiárido bahiano.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of self-reported tooth extractions and analyze associated factors in quilombola communities in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study, with 864 quilombolas; association between self-reported tooth extractions (no experience of extraction; ≤5 extracted teeth; >5 extracted teeth), and possible associated factors was estimated using multinomial logistic regression, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results: tooth extractions were self-reported by 82.0% of quilombolas, 49.8% of whom had ≤5 teeth extracted and 32.2% of whom had >5 teeth extracted; greater likelihood of tooth extraction was associated with being male (adjusted OR = 1.7 - 95%CI1.1;2.7), working as an unregistered worker (adjusted OR = 2.7 - 95%CI1.3;5.7), being ≥60 years old (adjusted OR = 5.2 - 95%CI1.9;14.1) and reporting having dental caries (adjusted OR = 4.1 - 95%CI2.5;6.7). Conclusion: tooth extractions are associated with social vulnerability conditions experienced by the quilombolas of the semi-arid region of Bahia state.

Presença de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas e sua relação com a realização de exodontias na rede de atenção de saúde bucal no Brasil / Presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers and the relationship with dental extractions in the oral healthcare network in Brazil / Presencia de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas y su relación con la realización de exodoncias en la red de atención de salud bucal en Brasil

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre presença de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) e a proporção de exodontias em relação ao total de procedimentos odontológicos em serviços públicos do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, em que foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, dos serviços de saúde bucal e produção ambulatorial de 5.333 municípios nos biênios de 2000/2001 e 2015/2016. A principal variável de exposição foi a presença de CEO, e o desfecho a média nacional da proporção de exodontias em relação ao número de procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos. Foram realizadas análises de interação e regressão múltipla usando modelo binomial com função de ligação logito. A média nacional da proporção de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos foi 27,07% e 15,11% em 2000/2001 e 2015/2016, respectivamente. Na análise de interação entre a presença de CEO e a cobertura superior a 80% de equipes de saúde bucal (ESB), houve menores proporções de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos (OR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,71-0,72). Na análise de regressão múltipla, municípios com Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano entre 0,6-0,7 (OR = 0,77; IC95%: 0,77-0,77), Produto Interno Bruto per capita maior que 20 mil Reais (OR = 0,45; IC95%: 0,45-045) e maior população residente em zona urbana (OR = 0,72; IC95%: 0,72-0,72) apresentaram menor proporção de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos em 2015/2016. Conclui-se que ocorreram menores proporções de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos em municípios com ao menos um CEO e com mais de 80% de cobertura de ESB, o que aponta que municípios com Rede de Atenção à Saúde Bucal consolidada têm melhor desempenho na oferta de cuidados odontológicos.

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the association between the presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers and dental extractions as a proportion of all dental procedures in public services in Brazil. This was an ecological study that assessed sociodemographic data, oral health services, and outpatient production in 5,333 municipalities in 2000-2001 and 2015-2016. The principal exposure variable was the presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers, and the outcome was the mean national proportion of dental extractions in relation to all preventive and curative dental procedures. Interaction and multiple regression analyses were performed using a binomial model with log link function. The mean national proportions of dental extractions in relation to preventive and curative dental procedures were 27.07% and 15.11% in 2000-2001 and 2015-2016, respectively. In the analysis of interaction between the presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers and coverage greater than 80% by the oral health teams, there were lower proportions of dental extractions in relation to preventive and curative dental procedures (OR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.71-0.72). In the multiple regression analysis, municipalities with Human Development Index of 0.6-0.7 (OR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.77-0.77), annual per capita GDP greater than BRL 20,000 (OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.45-045), and proportionally higher urban populations (OR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.72-0.72) showed fewer dental extractions as a proportion of all preventive and curative dental procedures in 2015-2016. In conclusion, there were lower proportions of tooth extractions in municipalities with at least one Specialized Dentistry Center and with a coverage of greater than 80% by the oral health teams, highlighting that municipalities with a consolidated Oral Health Care Network present better performance in the supply of dental care.

Resumen: Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) y su proporción de exodoncias, en relación con el total de procedimientos odontológicos en los servicios públicos de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio ecológico, en que se evaluaron datos sociodemográficos, servicios de salud bucal y atención ambulatoria en 5.333 municipios, durante los bienios de 2000/2001 y 2015/2016. La principal variable de exposición fue la presencia de CEO y el resultado la media nacional de la proporción de exodoncias, respecto al número de procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos. Se realizó tanto un análisis de interacción, como de regresión múltiple, usando un modelo binomial con función de vinculación logit. La media nacional de la proporción de exodoncias, en relación con los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos, fue 27,07% y 15,11% en 2000/2001 y 2015/2016, respectivamente. En el análisis de interacción entre la presencia de CEO y la cobertura superior a un 80% de equipos de salud bucal (ESB) hubo menores proporciones de exodoncias, en relación con los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos (OR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,71-0,72). En el análisis de regresión múltiple, los municipios con un Índice de Desarrollo Humano entre 0,6-0,7 (OR = 0,77; IC95%: 0,77-0,77), PIB per cápita mayor que BRL 20.000 (OR = 0,45; IC95%: 0,45-045) y mayor población residente en zona urbana (OR = 0,72; IC95%: 0,72-0,72) presentaron una menor proporción de exodoncias, respecto a los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos en 2015/2016. Se concluye que hubo menores proporciones de exodoncias, en lo que respecta a los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos en municipios con al menos un CEO, y con más de un 80% de cobertura de ESB, lo que apunta a que los municipios con una Red de Atención a la Salud Bucal consolidada tienen un mejor desempeño en la oferta de cuidados odontológicos.

Tendencia de actividades odontológicas realizadas en atención primaria del Servicio de Salud Valparaíso - San Antonio, chile: 2008 a 2018 / The evolution of dental services carried out in primary health care centers of the valparaíso - san antonio health service in chile: 2008-2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: La actual Política de Salud Bucal chilena indica que la atención odontológica está orientada a la promoción y prevención, reforzando la atención odontológica en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Se desconoce cómo esta política se ha materializado en el tiempo, pues, a la fecha, no existen estudios que analicen la tendencia de este tipo de actividades. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia de las actividades odontológicas, realizadas en adultos y adultos mayores, en APS del Servicio de Salud Valparaíso - San Antonio (SSVSA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de tipo mixto entre los años 2008-2018, en 8 de las 9 comunas del SSVSA. Se analizó la tendencia del porcentaje de actividades promocionales-preventivas (APP) y de exodoncias utilizando las bases de datos "Resúmenes Estadísticos Mensuales-A09" (REM-A09). RESULTADOS: El 24,53% y 11,36% de las actividades realizadas correspondieron a APP y a exodoncias, respectivamente. El grupo de 20-64 años presentó un mayor porcentaje de APP y un menor porcentaje de exodoncias que el grupo de 65 y más años, en cada una de las comunas. Hubo una tendencia al aumento del porcentaje de APP y a la disminución del porcentaje de exodoncia en la mayoría de las comunas estudiadas. DISCUSIÓN: La tendencia de las actividades odontológicas realizadas en APS ha evolucionado a lo largo de los años, con diferencias entre comunas del SSVSA. Para poder determinar cuáles son los motivos que explican los resultados encontrados, se sugiere realizar otros estudios enfocados a la gestión odontológica local de APS. (AU)

BACKGROUND: The current Chilean Oral Health Policy indicates that dental care is aimed at promotion and prevention, thus reinforcing the presence of dental programs in Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers. It is unknown how this policy has materialized over time, since no studies to date have analyzed the trend of dental services carried out in PHC. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of dental services carried out in adults in PHC of the Valpa-raíso - San Antonio Health Service (VSAHS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mixed ecological study was carried out between 2008 and 2018, in 8 of the 9 municipalities of the VSAHS. The per-centage trends of promotional-preventive services (PPS) and extractions were analyzed, using the databases "Resúmenes Estadísticos Mensuales-A09" (REM-A09). RESULTS: The percentage of dental services dedicated to PPS and extractions were 24.53% and 11.36%, respectively. The group of adults between 20 and 64 years of age presented a higher percentage of PPS and a lower percentage of extractions than the 65 and over group in each municipality. There was also a trend of the percentage of PPS services increasing over time, while the percentage of extractions decreased in most of the municipalities studied. DISCUSSION: The type of den-tal services carried out in PHC has evolved over time, and differences were found between municipalities of the VSAHS. To explain these results, future studies should focus on the local management of dental services in PHC. (AU)

The prevalence and causes of wrong tooth extraction.

BACKGROUND: Dental extraction is a common procedure that is subject to complications and errors including extraction of the wrong tooth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the causes of wrong tooth extractions and explore the attitude of dentists after extraction of a wrong tooth. METHODS: A questionnaire was adapted to fit the needs of this project and was distributed among all the dentists in four teaching dental clinics. The questionnaire was available in both the English and Arabic languages. RESULTS: Of the 486 questionnaires, 186 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 37%) and used for the analysis. The prevalence of wrong tooth extraction was 21.1%. The three most common reasons for extracting a wrong tooth were miscommunication (31.6%), inadequate referral (28.9%), and exhaustion of an overworked dentist (28.9%). Surprisingly, only 50% informed the patient and documented the incident in the patient's chart. Few dentists apologized to their patients or offered any kind of solution or compensation. CONCLUSION: Wrong tooth extraction is a prevalent yet preventable problem. Most of the common causes of this problem appear to be more system rather than individual related. There is a pressing need to implement the universal protocol for the prevention of wrong site, wrong procedure, and wrong person surgery.

Efecto comparativo del método de fractura mecánica y el método de corte en la viabilidad de las células de la pulpa dental humana de las 24 horas postexodoncia / Comparative effect of the mechanical fracture method and the cutting method on the viability of human dental pulp cells from teeth extracted within 24 hours

OBJETIVO: En los estudios sobre biomateriales e ingeniería de tejidos se emplean células de la pulpa dental para regenerar o sustituir las deficiencias de tejido óseo en la cavidad oral. Para evaluar su potencial clínico se utilizan modelos de cultivo celular, en los cuales se aplican diversos métodos de extracción de la pulpa dental. Pero aún no está claro qué método es el más conveniente. Por ello, el propósito de este estudio fue comparar el método de fractura mecánica y el método de corte en la viabilidad celular. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se extrajo el tejido pulpar de dientes completamente desarrollados y sanos de 32 pacientes de entre 18 y 40 años mediante dos técnicas: el método de fractura mecánica (grupo 1) y el método de corte (grupo 2). Para determinar la viabilidad celular se usó el colorante azul de tripán. Las células teñidas de azul (muertas) y las células birrefringentes (vivas) fueron contabilizadas en el microscopio óptico. RESULTADOS: Al emplear el método de fractura mecánica se obtuvo un 87,72 % de viabilidad celular, mientras que al aplicar el método de corte se logró una menor viabilidad: 83,59 %. Al analizar los datos (n = 16 por grupo) bajo la prueba t de Student se obtuvo una diferencia significativa (p = 0,006). CONCLUSIONES: El método de fractura mecánica permite obtener una viabilidad celular más alta en comparación al método de corte, empleado en dientes extraídos dentro de las 24 horas

AIM: In biomaterials and tissue engineering studies, dental pulp cells are used to regenerate or replace deficiencies of bone tissue in the oral cavity. To evaluate its clinical potential, cell culture models are employed, in which different extraction methods of the dental pulp are applied. Mainly, the tooth is broken by fracture mechanics and the cutting method to obtain the dental pulp. However, it is not clear yet which method is the most convenient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of fracture mechanical and cutting methods on the dental pulp cell viability. METHODOLOGY: Dental pulp tissue was removed of fully developed and healthy teeth of 32 patients between 18 to 40 years, through two techniques: the methods of fracture mechanics (group 1) and cutting (group 2). To determine the cell viability, trypan blue dye was used. The cells were counted in the microscope, blue stained cells (dead) and birefringent (living). RESULTS: Using the mechanical fracture method, 87.72 % of cell viability was obtained. While with the cutting method was achieved a lower viability 83.59 %. There was a significant difference (p = 0.006) when analyzing the data (n = 16 per group) under t-Student test. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mechanical fracture method for the extraction of the dental pulp tissue allows to obtain higher percentages of cell viability compared to cutting method

Complications of Third Molar Extraction: A retrospective study from a tertiary healthcare centre in Oman.

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study aimed to investigate complications associated with the extraction of third molars at a tertiary healthcare centre in Oman. METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent extraction of one or more impacted third molars under general anaesthesia at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2007 and December 2017 were included. Age, gender, indication for extraction, teeth removed, procedure and complications were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 1,116 third molars (56% mandibular and 44% maxillary) were extracted and the majority (67.7%) were from female patients. The mean age at extraction was 24 ± 5 years and most patients (77.7%) were 20-29 years old. The intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were 3.7% and 8.3%, respectively. The intraoperative complications included tuberosity fracture (1.2%), root fracture (1.1%), bleeding (0.7%), soft tissue injury (0.5%) and adjacent tooth damage (0.2%). Postoperative complications were sensory nerve injuries (7.2%), swelling/pain/trismus (0.6%) and dry socket (0.5%). Nerve injury was temporary in 41 patients and permanent in four cases. A statistically significant relationship was observed between those aged 30-39 years and dry socket (P = 0.010) as well as bone removal and all postoperative complications (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Most complications resulting from third molar extractions were minor and within the reported ranges in the scientific literature. However, increased age and bone removal were associated with a higher risk of complications. These findings may help to guide treatment planning, informed consent and patient education.

Epidemiological profile of caries and need for dental extraction in a Kaingang adult Indigenous population.

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiological profile of dental caries for Indigenous Peoples is complex and heterogeneous. The oral health of the Kaingang people, third largest Indigenous population from Brazil, has not been investigated so far. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries, in addition to the associated factors of the need of dental extraction among Kaingang adult Indigenous. METHODS: A cross-sectional oral health survey was conducted among Kaingang adults aged from 35 to 44 years old living in the Guarita Indigenous Land, Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical exams were performed to analyze the conditions of dental crown and treatment needs. RESULTS: A total of 107 Indigenous adults were examined. Mean DMFT score was 14.45 (± 5.80). Two-thirds of the DMFT score accounted for missing teeth. Anterior lower dentition presented the highest rates of sound teeth, whereas the lower first molars had the lowest. Need for dental extraction was observed in 34.58% and was associated with village location, time of last dental visit, and higher number of decayed teeth. CONCLUSION: The high frequencies of caries and missing teeth observed in this population indicate a lack of adequate assistance. It is essential to discuss health care models in order to combat avoidable social and health injustices.

The experience among patients with multiple dental loss as a consequence of treatment for head and neck cancer: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the experience among patients with multiple dental loss as a consequence of treatment for head and neck cancer. METHODS: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of fifteen people with head and neck cancer, who had multiple teeth removed as part of their tumour resection or extracted pre-radiotherapy. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed for analysis by two researchers, independently. RESULTS: The interview data were categorised into four themes: 1. Pretreatment experience of being informed that teeth had to be removed, 2. Impact of dental loss post-treatment, 3. Coping with dental loss, and 4. Getting dentures and implants. Patients receiving primary radiotherapy felt the time between being informed of requirement for dental extractions and actual extractions was short. Dental loss was detrimental to all patients in terms of eating, speaking, socially and their intimate lives. CONCLUSIONS: Patients whose primary treatment was surgery, appeared more accepting of dental loss. Whereas, those having primary radiotherapy, there seemed to be a focus on prevention of radiotherapy-induced complications, with limited choices and recognition on post-treatment dental functionality. This study showed the negative impact of dental loss on patients' quality of life. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dentists should be aware of the post-treatment implications of dental loss on patients' lives; presenting this, as well as the clinical advantages for extractions, to aid decision-making. Patients should be informed of the lack of conclusive research evidence regarding pre-radiotherapy dental extraction. There should also be clear pathways regarding post-treatment dental-related rehabilitation.

[Presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers and the relationship with dental extractions in the oral healthcare network in Brazil]. / Presença de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas e sua relação com a realização de exodontias na rede de atenção de saúde bucal no Brasil.

This study aimed to assess the association between the presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers and dental extractions as a proportion of all dental procedures in public services in Brazil. This was an ecological study that assessed sociodemographic data, oral health services, and outpatient production in 5,333 municipalities in 2000-2001 and 2015-2016. The principal exposure variable was the presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers, and the outcome was the mean national proportion of dental extractions in relation to all preventive and curative dental procedures. Interaction and multiple regression analyses were performed using a binomial model with log link function. The mean national proportions of dental extractions in relation to preventive and curative dental procedures were 27.07% and 15.11% in 2000-2001 and 2015-2016, respectively. In the analysis of interaction between the presence of Specialized Dentistry Centers and coverage greater than 80% by the oral health teams, there were lower proportions of dental extractions in relation to preventive and curative dental procedures (OR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.71-0.72). In the multiple regression analysis, municipalities with Human Development Index of 0.6-0.7 (OR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.77-0.77), annual per capita GDP greater than BRL 20,000 (OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.45-045), and proportionally higher urban populations (OR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.72-0.72) showed fewer dental extractions as a proportion of all preventive and curative dental procedures in 2015-2016. In conclusion, there were lower proportions of tooth extractions in municipalities with at least one Specialized Dentistry Center and with a coverage of greater than 80% by the oral health teams, highlighting that municipalities with a consolidated Oral Health Care Network present better performance in the supply of dental care.

Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre presença de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) e a proporção de exodontias em relação ao total de procedimentos odontológicos em serviços públicos do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, em que foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, dos serviços de saúde bucal e produção ambulatorial de 5.333 municípios nos biênios de 2000/2001 e 2015/2016. A principal variável de exposição foi a presença de CEO, e o desfecho a média nacional da proporção de exodontias em relação ao número de procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos. Foram realizadas análises de interação e regressão múltipla usando modelo binomial com função de ligação logito. A média nacional da proporção de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos foi 27,07% e 15,11% em 2000/2001 e 2015/2016, respectivamente. Na análise de interação entre a presença de CEO e a cobertura superior a 80% de equipes de saúde bucal (ESB), houve menores proporções de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos (OR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,71-0,72). Na análise de regressão múltipla, municípios com Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano entre 0,6-0,7 (OR = 0,77; IC95%: 0,77-0,77), Produto Interno Bruto per capita maior que 20 mil Reais (OR = 0,45; IC95%: 0,45-045) e maior população residente em zona urbana (OR = 0,72; IC95%: 0,72-0,72) apresentaram menor proporção de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos em 2015/2016. Conclui-se que ocorreram menores proporções de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos em municípios com ao menos um CEO e com mais de 80% de cobertura de ESB, o que aponta que municípios com Rede de Atenção à Saúde Bucal consolidada têm melhor desempenho na oferta de cuidados odontológicos.

Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) y su proporción de exodoncias, en relación con el total de procedimientos odontológicos en los servicios públicos de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio ecológico, en que se evaluaron datos sociodemográficos, servicios de salud bucal y atención ambulatoria en 5.333 municipios, durante los bienios de 2000/2001 y 2015/2016. La principal variable de exposición fue la presencia de CEO y el resultado la media nacional de la proporción de exodoncias, respecto al número de procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos. Se realizó tanto un análisis de interacción, como de regresión múltiple, usando un modelo binomial con función de vinculación logit. La media nacional de la proporción de exodoncias, en relación con los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos, fue 27,07% y 15,11% en 2000/2001 y 2015/2016, respectivamente. En el análisis de interacción entre la presencia de CEO y la cobertura superior a un 80% de equipos de salud bucal (ESB) hubo menores proporciones de exodoncias, en relación con los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos (OR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,71-0,72). En el análisis de regresión múltiple, los municipios con un Índice de Desarrollo Humano entre 0,6-0,7 (OR = 0,77; IC95%: 0,77-0,77), PIB per cápita mayor que BRL 20.000 (OR = 0,45; IC95%: 0,45-045) y mayor población residente en zona urbana (OR = 0,72; IC95%: 0,72-0,72) presentaron una menor proporción de exodoncias, respecto a los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos en 2015/2016. Se concluye que hubo menores proporciones de exodoncias, en lo que respecta a los procedimientos odontológicos preventivos y curativos en municipios con al menos un CEO, y con más de un 80% de cobertura de ESB, lo que apunta a que los municipios con una Red de Atención a la Salud Bucal consolidada tienen un mejor desempeño en la oferta de cuidados odontológicos.

Oral health is a mediator for disease severity in patients with Behçet's disease: A multiple mediation analysis study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine whether oral health as an infection focus could mediate disease course in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS: In the study, oral health of 194 BD patients was examined at baseline and follow-up periods. The reasons for last dental visits were recorded as tooth extraction or regular control visits/planned treatments at the end of follow-up period. The Behçet's disease severity score was calculated with higher scores indicating a more severe course. Mediation analysis was carried out to assess the effects of oral health on disease severity score at follow-up period in the study. RESULTS: Dental and periodontal indices were found to be higher at follow-up visit compared to those of baseline (P < 0.05). Disease severity score was found to be higher in males (5.3 ± 2.4) compared to females (4.4 ±2.5) in the whole group (P = 0.005). Moreover, patients having tooth extraction at their last dental visit and patients with dental caries had a more severe disease course (5.4 ± 2.4; 5.5 ± 2.5) compared to others (4.2 ± 2.3; 4.4 ± 2.4; P < 0.0001). In multiple mediation analysis, disease severity score was a dependent variable and was directly mediated by male gender (B = -0.8822, P = 0.0145) and indirectly mediated through the presence of dental caries (B = 0.9509 P = 0.0110) and need of tooth extraction (B = 0.8758, P = 0.0128). CONCLUSION: Both presence of dental caries and need of tooth extraction were observed to be effective mediators for a more severe disease course in BD. Therefore, better oral health should be aimed to eliminate microbial factors, which are a part of pathogenic processes.